A large loop excision of the transformation zone, also know as a LLETZ procedure is the most common way of removing cervical tissue for examination and treating precancerous changes of the cervix. The LLETZ procedure is done under general anaesthetic in hospital and takes approximately 10 minutes. The abnormal tissue is removed using a thin wire loop that is heated electrically. Sometimes the Gynaecologist can remove all visible abnormal cells. The tissue sample will be sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope. Results generally take a week.

A dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside the uterus. Gynaecologists use a D&C to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions – such as heavy bleeding – or to clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or incomplete evacuation.

A hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows your gynaecologist to look inside your uterus in order to diagnose and treat causes of abnormal bleeding. A hysteroscopy is done using a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that is inserted into the vagina to examine the cervix and inside the uterus.

Colposcopy is a medical diagnostic procedure using a colposcope. A colposcope is a magnifying instrument that has a light and looks like a pair of binoculars on a large stand. The colposcope is used to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix as well as the vagina and vulva. It doesn’t touch or go inside your body. The gynaecologist may coat your cervix and vagina with fluid to highlight any abnormal areas. These areas are magnified between 6 and 40 times which helps to identify the severity of any abnormalities. Many premalignant lesions and malignant lesions in these areas have discernible characteristics that can be detected through the examination.
The colposcopy takes 10-15 minutes.

An abdominal hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that removes your uterus through an incision in the lower abdomen. Your uterus – or womb – is where a baby grows if you are pregnant.
A partial hysterectomy removes just the uterus, leaving the cervix intact.
A total hysterectomy removes the uterus and cervix.